Injury in fact

An injury in fact has to be specific to the plaintiff, not a general grievance shared with every citizen. It must be concrete, meaning real and not just abstract, and it has to already have happened or be about to happen. Examples include physical harm, financial loss, invasion of privacy, and certain kinds of emotional or reputational damage. Pure ideological disagreement with a law is usually not enough by itself. Whether something counts as an injury in fact is the most frequently fought-over piece of the standing test.